Dynamic Assessment of Binocular Eye Movement Coordination: Norms and Functional Implications
Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology,
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2014),
1 March 2014
,
Page 31-37
Abstract
Alignment of the two eyes is controlled by a finely tuned, fast acting system with components within the brain. Assessment of binocular alignment has classically been done statically. Eye positions are assessed in primary position and at eccentric angles to interpret the functional status of the oculomotor nerves and muscles. However, assessment of dynamic eye alignment, the coordination of the eyes during eye movements, has been less commonly carried out and has not been formalized with population norms. Clinicians are aware of slow eye movement dynamic alignment changes, such as that clinically observed in Intranuclear Ophthalmoplegia. But assessment of eye alignment during rapid eye movements, such as saccade or pursuit has not been part of neuro-ophthalmologic assessment. With the advent of inexpensive, high resolution recording systems, both eyes can be simultaneously recorded and their coordination during movement compared. Thus, we now have an opportunity to provide a laboratory based objective measurement of a gamut of binocular coordination systems. Recent research in humans has demonstrated increased variability of binocular coordination during divided attention. Variability is an interesting statistic that can be sensitively assessed in the velocity domain without extensive gaze position recalibration procedures during recording over long intervals. Variability can thus be used as a robust, long-term eye movement parameter with minimal intrusiveness to the subject. It is proposed that population studies of binocular coordination during eye movements be carried out to determine neurologic norms so that conditions such as brain injury and others can be assessed with a functional tool with objective parameters.
References
Tsai YF, Viirre E, Strychacz C, Chase B, Jung TP. Task performance and eye activity: predicting behavior relating to cognitive workload. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007 May;78(5 Suppl):B176-85. PMID: 17547318
Viirre E, Van Orden K, Wing S, Chase B, Pribe C, Taliwal V, Kwak J. Eye movements during visual and auditory task performance. Society of information display, Digest of Technical Papers. 2004;35:1582-5.
Bucci MP, Brémond-Gignac D, Kapoula Z. Poor binocular coordination of saccades in dyslexic children. Graefes Arch ClinExpOphthalmol. 2008 Mar;246(3):417-28. PMID: 18046570
Gaertner C, Bucci MP, Ajrezo L, Wiener-Vacher S. Binocular coordination of saccades during reading in children with clinically assessed poor vergence capabilities. Vision Res. 2013 Jul 19;87:22-9. PMID: 23694682
Bahill AT, Clark MR, Stark L. The main sequence, a tool for studying human eye movements.Mathematical Biosciences. 1975;24(3-4):191-204.
Rothenberg SJ, Selkoe D. Specific oculomotor deficit after diazepam. I. Saccadic eye movements. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1981;74(3):232-6. PMID: 6791230
Viirre E, Cadera W, Vilis T. The pattern of changes produced in the saccadic system and vestibuloocular reflex by visually patching one eye. J Neurophysiol. 1987 Jan;57(1):92-103. PMID: 3559683
Viirre E, Cadera W, Vilis T. Monocular adaptation of the saccadic system and vestibulo-ocular reflex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988 Aug;29(8):1339-47. PMID: 3417418
Viirre E, Tweed D, Milner K, Vilis T. A reexamination of the gain of the vestibuloocular reflex.J Neurophysiol. 1986 Aug;56(2):439-50. PMID: 3489820
Epley JM. The canalith repositioning procedure: for treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992 Sep;107(3):399-404. PMID: 1408225
Ranjbaran M, Galiana HL. The horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex: a non-linear mechanism for context-dependent responses. ConfProc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2012;2012:3866-9. PMID: 23366772
Galetta MS, Galetta KM, McCrossin J, Wilson JA, Moster S, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ, Dorshimer GW, Master CL. Saccades and memory: baseline associations of the King-Devick and SCAT2 SAC tests in professional ice hockey players. J Neurol Sci. 2013 May 15;328(1-2):28-31. PMID: 23499425
- Abstract Viewed: 2808 times
- Full text PDF Downloaded: 2942 times
