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Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology

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Acquired symptomatic external punctal stenosis: A tertiary referral center study

  • Mona Nassief
  • Omar Kh M Alduwailah
  • Nancy M. Lotfy

Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021), 31 May 2021 , Page 18-23
https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1417 Published 31 May 2021

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Abstract

Background: To report the prevalence of acquired symptomatic external punctal stenosis (EPS) in a tertiary referral center in Kuwait, and to study the associated risk factors, etiologies, and management outcomes.
Methods: This prospective interventional hospital-based study was performed at the Farwaniya governmental hospital in Kuwait between November 2018 and November 2019. All patients were referred to the oculoplastic clinic with symptomatic epiphora, age > 18 years, epiphora Munk score equal or more than 0, tear film meniscus equal or more than 2 mm, and punctum with a grade equal or less than 2 (smaller than normal size, but recognizable) were included. Exclusion criteria were congenital causes of epiphora, previous eyelid surgeries, and traumatic or neoplastic causes of punctal or canalicular obstruction.
Results: A total of 418 patients with symptomatic epiphora, who were referred to our oculoplastic clinic, were enrolled in our study. The prevalence of EPS was 70.3%. Examination of the puncta revealed different shapes, including tangential, pinpoint, elevated, slit-shaped, horse shoe-shaped, and membranous puncta, with the tangential type accounting for the greatest proportion (65.3%). Bilateral punctal stenosis was observed in 206 patients (70.1%) and unilateral involvement in 88 patients (29.9%). Dilatation and syringing were performed for all puncta upon diagnosis, and repeated dilatation was performed for 225 puncta (32.7%). Placement of a Mini-Monoka tube was performed in 11 puncta (1.6%).
Conclusion: EPS was a common cause of symptomatic epiphora in our study. Aging and female sex were identified as common risk factors. Most etiological factors of EPS were associated with a pathophysiological inflammatory mechanism. For exact estimates of its prevalence, a population-based study is necessary in future.
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ISSN: 2322-3219

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